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Sanctuary was to some extent inspired by Hemingway’s “Big Two-Hearted River,” and a kernel of it took shape around a piece of advice that a friend had once given to me. Some of the other stories grew out of this original, and many of them contain nods to Hemingway, Rick Bass, Barry Holstun Lopez, and, of course, Norman Maclean. Many of the stories remain open at the end, without an explicitly written conclusion. This is intentional.

Though I certainly do have my thoughts on and understanding of the symbols and themes in my works, I encourage readers to bring themselves – their own understandings, and interpretations – to these works. That is why the stories are left open, so that the readers have the freedom to imagine or consider for themselves what the endings or resolutions might be.